Rwanda Genocide Essays

Rwanda Genocide Essays Rwanda Genocide Essay Rwanda Genocide Essay The word genocide comes from the Greek word genos meaning race or clan and cide meaning killing. In Raphael Lemkin’s words, genocide is the crime of destroying a specific group of religious and/or racial people. Some areas in which genocide may occur is Africa, the Middle East, or any other third-world countries. Genocide tends to occur in recently collapsed areas of infrastructure, government, etc. The Holocaust took place in Germany and other German controlled areas.The Holocaust began in 1938 and ended in 1945, while the Rwanda genocide began on April 6th of 1994 and not yet ended. Both the Holocaust and the Rwanda massacre were similar due to their uses of classification, symbolization, dehumanization, and polarization. However, the Tutsis faced organization, preparation, extermination, and denial differently than the Jews from Germany. Tutsis and Jews were both classified as the â€Å"others† group. Classification is when cultures have categ ories in which they distinguish people into â€Å"us and them† by ethnicity, race, religion, or nationality.The Tutsis and Jews were both the original high standard people of the social pyramid. The colonists believed that the Tutsi were natural rulers, so they only put the Tutsis into positions of authority and discriminated against Hutus and Twa. (Hymowitz; Parker) Many Jews, as well as homosexuals and handicapped people, were targeted as enemies to Adolf Hitler. The reason why they were Hitler’s target was because he believed that they weakened the Nazi Party. (Fremy) This category impacted the way others viewed the Tutsis and Jews who were once the superior race.This similarity is important to this category because we can see that much of the well-known genocides have influenced other genocides. The two genocides also compare with their use of symbolization. Symbolization is shown with a logo used as a symbol of hatred that one group feels towards another. The Hutu s labeled the Tutsi people with their physical appearances. It was also expected for the two groups to carry ID to ensure whether they belong with the Hutus or the Tutsis. (The Rwandan Genocide: The Steps to Genocide) Hitler also used symbols to easily identify his enemies.Nazi Germany colored homosexuals with a pink triangle, brown triangles for gypsies, green for criminals, and red for political enemies. (Fremy) This category has affected both groups because it was much easier to torment those who were the â€Å"enemies. † This similarity is important to the category because many innocent lives have perished due to the symbols of hatred that were forced upon them. Both the Tutsis and the Jews were dehumanized in similar ways. Dehumanization is when one group denies the humanity of the other group.The Hutus usually taunted the Tutsi people by calling them cockroaches or trees because of their skin color and their height. Also, some colonial rulers felt that by favoring the H utu and trying to take back some power from the Tutsi, they could remain in power longer. (Hymowitz; Parker) In order to dehumanize the Jews, Josef Goebbels used negative propaganda to blame Jews for the economic and social conflicts or Germany as well as the world. The Nazis also dehumanized them by calling them the â€Å"inferior race†, which laid the groundwork to eliminating the Jews from their rights and freedom. Dehumanization of the Jews) This category impacted both groups because they were all stripped of their humanity. This similarity is important to the category because it only took one statement or so to make the Tutsis and Jews look bad. The Hutus and the Nazi Germans both organized parties to help eliminate the Tutsis and the Jews. Organization can be informal, decentralized, and even include the use of militias to provide deniability of state responsibility. The Hutus organized the MNRD and the Interahamwe, who planned the genocide well.They also used propagand a, coordinated attack against the Tutsis, and often received shipments of weapons. (The Rwandan Genocide: The Steps to Genocide) The Nazis put Jews, and the others into ghettos which allowed him easy access to kill whoever is too weak to live. â€Å"In the upside-down world of the Holocaust, dignified professionals were Hitlers advance troops. † (Black) This category impacted both groups because now we know that everyone who was not a Tutsi or a Jew had turned their backs on them and worked against them.This similarity is important to this specific category because now we also know that people will do anything not be executed and known as an addition to the enemies. Both the Hutus and Nazis use polarization. Polarization is the stage that involves the use of propaganda in order to persuade people to turn their backs on people who were once their friend. The main media source was the radio. The Hutu extremists controlled the radio and used it to play hate propaganda messages t elling all Hutus to kill the Tutsis. (Hate Radio) In Nazi Germany, the Nazis told Jews that they were worthless human beings that didn’t deserve to live.Nazis deprived Jewish people from the human rights and moved them into dirty, disease-ridden ghettos. (The Ghettoization of European Jews) This category impacted both groups by showing that they would go to extreme measures to eliminate the opposing groups. This similarity is important to the category because it showed everyone that with one simple rumor, people will turn their backs on you in a snap. Although both genocides had many similarities, they also had a difference known as preparation. Preparation is the stage where both groups planned out how they would kill their enemies and with what weapons.Hutus marched throughout the country with machetes, guns, grenades, and clubs, brutally murdering both Tutsis and Hutu moderates. â€Å"The prosecutors’ burden involved the interpretation of euphemisms such as the phr ase â€Å"go to work† as a call to kill the Tutsi and the Hutu who opposed the Rwandan regime. † (Holocaust Encyclopedia) During the holocaust, the Nazis moved Jews into disease ridden ghettos to protect the â€Å"master race. † The Nazis would also send Jews to be undressed and killed with poison gas in gas chambers. Auschwitz Concentration Camp) This category impacted both groups by displaying the way each group had their way of thinking. This difference is important to the category because we are able to see the many ways that they had decided to take out their opponents. The Hutus and the Nazi Germans also differed in their methods of extermination. In Stanton’s words, extermination is the stage in which they exterminate their enemies in who they believe are not fully human. This genocide was carried out entirely by hand, often using machetes and clubs.The men whod been trained to massacre were members of civilian death squads, the Interahamwe. (Peace Pledge Union) The Nazi people chose to exterminate the Jews through gas chambers. If any of them stopped walking along the way, then they would be shot dead and left in the snow. (Wiesel) This category impacted both groups because it showed their capability to go through with the mass killings. This difference is important to the category because their methods all differed and showed the strengths of the Germans and the Hutus. Both the Hutus and the Nazis denied that they ever committed their genocides.Denial is the last of the eight stages where a group denies that they committed a crime in which they really did commit. The Hutu opposition leader, Victoire Ingabire, was arrested for 8 years for denying that the Rwanda genocide ever occurred. Rulisa said the leader was found guilty of the â€Å"crime of conspiracy in harming authorities through terrorism and war† as well as denial of Rwanda’s 1994 genocide. (AFP) Himmler instructed his camps to destroy all existing evi dence showing that the Holocaust ever took place. He was very fixed on the many survivors who lived to tell their experience from the concentration camps and gas chambers. Austin) At the end of the Holocaust, Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945 in his underground bunker before he was able to be captured. The Rwanda genocide ended when the Rwandan Patriotic Front took over the country. Both genocides have impacted the world around us by creating peace organizations and genocide prevention groups. In the end, both the Rwandan genocide and the Holocaust were similar in their ways of classification, symbolization, dehumanization, organization, polarization, and denial. However, the two groups differed in their methods of preparation and extermination.In order to prevent genocides from occurring, we must avoid falling into despair as a whole society.

Organizational Technology Plan

Organizational Technology Plan Introduction In the contemporary world, technology has become an integral part of organizations; however, it has affected the society and the environment mainly due to the changes that come about with it, which people have to adapt. Generally, it plays an important role in the field of business, since it provides tools such as internet that in this era, all companies have adopted. Simply, there are several types of technologies used in business including internet, laptops and computers, and software.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organizational Technology Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technology supports the general business functions in a number of ways. First, the use of internet has eased communicating through face book, as well aiding inter-business communication through video conferencing, e –mails and even chat rooms. In some companies, managers require employees to be in possession of devices like laptops and smart phones, which are easily portable, in order to stay connected remotely. Moreover, companies require their employees to use company cars fitted with GPRS locators, thus ensuring safety of their cars. Finally, every business needs software to operate online, and in this case, they may opt for Voice over Internet Protocol (Voip) instead of analog signal, especially when conducting online conferencing and voice calls. Nevertheless, each business should consider its goals before choosing the technology to use, since not all technologies work for any business. This paper will discuss the organizational technology plan for DirecTV, a direct broadcast satellite service based in El Segundo, California, which transmits digital satellite television and audio to households in the United States. Challenges presented to management due to managing existing technology Given that the emergence of technology brings about organizational change, managers are always faced with various challenges. One of the limitations that DirecTV will face is the high or overdependence on technology among people to solve problems, thus making them tend not to think on their own. In addition, installation of computers in an organization requires staff training on how to use such computers, thus DirecTV will have to incur high operational costs. Moreover, Gwartney et al (2008, p. 178) argues that technology leads to reorganization, such that, some employees who are familiar with a certain technology may be promoted, while those who are not may require special training or are demoted altogether. In modern labour market, employment patterns indicate that computer literate persons are more likely to be employed than their unskilled counterparts are.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Gronlund (2002, p. 312), change process is affe cted by the interdependence of three dimensions including: technology, organizational context, and change model. Normally, as technology changes, DirecTV will also change its products and processes, while employees’ skills and behavior will have to be subjected to an effective change model to make them adaptive to such changes. In addition, e–recruiting has become common with companies, as it is fast, easy and cost effective, with wide outreach. However, the biggest challenge with this technology is DirecTV may find it attract some qualified applicants who may not be familiar with this method, especially if the company does not give an option of postal services. Methods of addressing emerging technology DirecTV has to be involved with technology because of the benefits that technology provides; for instance, it takes a short time to perform a task or process a large amount of information. DirecTV should embrace knowledge management, which according to Awad (2004, p. 12 0) is â€Å"the name given to the set of systematic and disciplined actions that an organization can take to obtain the greatest value from the knowledge available to it. â€Å" This involves innovative ideas, designs, new processes and methods, as well as strategies used by the HR. In addition, history of the organization, suppliers, and customers’ information is essential in enhancing effective communication within and outside the organization. In order for DirecTV to embrace technology, the management must ensure that present employees are well informed and well trained on the technology in order to avoid biasness. In addition, the staff should be well prepared to embrace the technology used in the organization. The management should always inform the staff about any changes and elaborate their role in such changes. In addition, discussion with staff about why the change is necessary to the company and the obstacles that come with it is important. Areas in Which Technolo gy Impacts the Basic Functions of Management Technology has a great impact on management functions; first, there is introduction of change function of planning, as technology may prompt DirecTV to alter or improve its mission and objectives in order to be in line with prevailing business conditions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organizational Technology Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In staffing, technology may lead companies to make changes in the human resources such as redeployment, laying-off some staff to eliminate redundancy and enhancing training programs for the new technology. On the other hand, technology has allowed firms to save on hiring costs, as well as benefiting from opportunity cost of space that has to be avoided, since some employees can work from home. Technology has also enhanced management directing function, as it enhances effective communication, thus motivating the employ ees to understand the goals and objectives of a company and even accomplish their career objectives. Moreover, with the help of technology, a manager does not need to be present in order to his employees, as this can be done through voice calls or video conferencing. In organizing function, technology has allowed organizations to be efficient in utilization and allocation of resources, thus yielding maximum benefits with minimal waste. Lastly, controlling function has been enhanced, especially due to the fact that employees and processes appraisal and evaluation have been automated, making it easy to monitor and initiate changes when required. Conclusion The success of DirecTV in coping with technology changes depends on how it is prepares for such change. Success requires DirecTV to manage its abilities; however, right leadership and effectively evaluating the organization’s ability to implement transformation are essential. Nevertheless, given that change is always inevitab le, managers should always be prepared to embrace change. References Awad, E. M. (2004). Knowledge Management. New Delhi: Pearson Education India. Web. Gronlund, A. (2002).  Electronic government design, applications, and management. PA: Idea Group Inc (IGC). Web. Gwartney, J. D. et al. (2008). Economics. Edition 12. OH: Cengage Learning. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Free Essays on Frederick Douglas

Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Aristotle conceived of three appeals for existence: ethos, pathos and logos, all of which are prevalent in all forms of writing, entertainment, speech, and generally life itself. Fredrick Douglass used all three appeals in writing his narrative as part of his rhetorical strategy to enlighten the public of both his life and his cause more than one hundred years ago. He specifically uses ethos, or persona, in three ways: to identify himself to the reader, to provide to the credibility of his statement and to evoke a need for change through his writing style. Fredrick Douglass grows from a slave boy to a freed man throughout Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave and he uses this transition and identity to provide an outlet to which the reader can identify. Douglass first produces this with the absence of dates. Slaves were kept â€Å"ignorant† as to the facts of the real world, sometimes not even knowing the year of their birth, preventing the knowledge of a captive’s true age. A birthday is something with which people can identify, as they are a celebrated part of our culture, especially to youth. Douglass here identifies himself as a human being almost lacking what we may consider a normal childhood simply through the use of dates. These are very important to our culture, counting down the days until your birthday, until Christmas. We identify ourselves by the dates which surround the events of our lives. Part of our identity is formed from dates and this was a privilege he was denied. He is, howeve r, eventually provided a window of opportunity in many to not only learn dates, but gain a general feel for knowledge as well. When the open door of learning that his mistress provided was permanently closed, he says, "it was a new and special revelation, explaining dark and mysterious things, with which my youthful understanding had struggled, but ... Free Essays on Frederick Douglas Free Essays on Frederick Douglas Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Aristotle conceived of three appeals for existence: ethos, pathos and logos, all of which are prevalent in all forms of writing, entertainment, speech, and generally life itself. Fredrick Douglass used all three appeals in writing his narrative as part of his rhetorical strategy to enlighten the public of both his life and his cause more than one hundred years ago. He specifically uses ethos, or persona, in three ways: to identify himself to the reader, to provide to the credibility of his statement and to evoke a need for change through his writing style. Fredrick Douglass grows from a slave boy to a freed man throughout Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave and he uses this transition and identity to provide an outlet to which the reader can identify. Douglass first produces this with the absence of dates. Slaves were kept â€Å"ignorant† as to the facts of the real world, sometimes not even knowing the year of their birth, preventing the knowledge of a captive’s true age. A birthday is something with which people can identify, as they are a celebrated part of our culture, especially to youth. Douglass here identifies himself as a human being almost lacking what we may consider a normal childhood simply through the use of dates. These are very important to our culture, counting down the days until your birthday, until Christmas. We identify ourselves by the dates which surround the events of our lives. Part of our identity is formed from dates and this was a privilege he was denied. He is, howeve r, eventually provided a window of opportunity in many to not only learn dates, but gain a general feel for knowledge as well. When the open door of learning that his mistress provided was permanently closed, he says, "it was a new and special revelation, explaining dark and mysterious things, with which my youthful understanding had struggled, but ... Free Essays on Frederick Douglas FREDERICK DOUGLASS Also known as: Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey Frederick Johnson â€Å"Without struggle there is no progress† Born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, a slave in Talbot County, Maryland somewhere around the time of 1817(?) and died in 1895 as a freed man named Frederick Douglass. In my essay I am going to just overview the book, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass An American Slave, which was written by him-self. In his book, Douglass tells about his early childhood in which he hadn’t known for sure the identity of his father and of how he and his mother had not had the loving mother and child relationship that we know. Douglass explains the different plantations that he had seen and talked about the ways of the different masters and mistresses that he had encountered. Also he talks about his disagreement of the Underground Railroad and his learning’s later in life, which made him rebel the way that he did against slavery and escape. Frederick Douglass has always been a very interesting man to me and now I am going to describe the life of a slave as told by him t he best way I possible can. Born in a town called Tuckahoe, with no knowledge of his age, Frederick Douglass had like other slaves went by the seasons and tried to estimate his age and the years. At the time of this writing Frederick believes to be about 27 or 28 years of age. Douglass remembers his mothers name being, Harriet Bailey the daughter of Isaac and Betsey Bailey who both were black. All he knew of his father was that he was white and that it was rumored his father was his master. He had been taken from his mother as an infant but he does remember his mother leaving from her plantation, at least 12 miles away, very late at night to secretly be with him. His mother had died when he was a very young age and all that he could remember was that very short time, which wasn’t many, that he had spent with her...

Cipd Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cipd - Assignment Example For example, employees requests for additional time to complete a particular task, while the manager requires from them, to complete the task within the specified time. In such cases, the issue is usually resolved as per the companies’ policy. But, if it is not possible to do so, then, those with the supreme authority and responsibility seek to resolve the issue in the light of their relevant knowledge and experience. In a business environment, verbal communication plays a crucial role, because, in a business environment, one deals with people, belonging to different background, culture and race and of different ages as well. Examples of verbal communication include: After agreeing on the particular service to be provided, it should be provided accordingly, that is, as per the agreement. This would assist you to obtain customer’s confidence on you which is the foundation of strong business relationship with customers. It is essential to keep the customers well informed about the current situation regarding the service to be provided. This would be helpful, in case it becomes difficult to provide the service to the customer in the agreed time period and a reasonable justification is required to be presented to the customer as to why the service could not be offered in the agreed time period. It is necessary to prioritize work, in order to manage time. It should be determined that which work is very important and urgent and which work is the least important and urgent, so that it can be carried out accordingly. It is imperative to keep reviewing the service on regular intervals by acting as per the feedback of the customers. This would facilitate you to improve to the quality of your service and would also create a positive impact on your customers. CPD is basically a mixture of various approaches, thoughts and methods which facilitate a person learn and achieve growth constantly. CPD’s essential focus is on the practical advantages which it offers

Gender Equity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Gender Equity - Essay Example The separate but equal approach ignores that men and women are not similarly situated in their relationships to athletics as a social institution" (Weistart, John C, p4). "In 1971, before there was any significant activity under Title IX, approximately 290,000 girls were participating in high school sports. In just six years, the number rose to more than 2 million. The obvious unanswered question is what this number would be after a couple of decades of adequate funding and vigorous enforcement of Title IX (Weistart, John C, p37). However, the debate on Title IX continues at a lively or feverish pitch, depending on the prevailing situations at different academic institutions. The main complainants are the male coaches who are distraught to see their big, hard-earned bucks slip away to women sports. However, in certain cases such as the women's basketball, Title IX is proving to be its worth. Women's basketball has grown phenomenally in the United States (Weistart, John , p29). Basically, it is an industry within academic institutions. The television is the protagonist. ... The separate but equal approach ignores that men and women are not similarly situated in their relationships to athletics as a social institution" (Weistart, John C, p4). "In 1971, before there was any significant activity under Title IX, approximately 290,000 girls were participating in high school sports. In just six years, the number rose to more than 2 million. The obvious unanswered question is what this number would be after a couple of decades of adequate funding and vigorous enforcement of Title IX (Weistart, John C, p37). However, the debate on Title IX continues at a lively or feverish pitch, depending on the prevailing situations at different academic institutions. The main complainants are the male coaches who are distraught to see their big, hard-earned bucks slip away to women sports. However, in certain cases such as the women's basketball, Title IX is proving to be its worth. Women's basketball has grown phenomenally in the United States (Weistart, John , p29). B. Industry Analysis Basically, it is an industry within academic institutions. The television is the protagonist. Without the television, sports howsoever popular, do not have the means to exert influential pressures to generate funds (Weistart, John C, p19). It is not easy to think of sports as an industry. But we can accept it as an industry if we consider the quantum of money involved and other economic factors such as human resource and large stadiums. Football and basketball lead the sports show. Because, if these games cease to exist, there will be no other games (Weistart, John C, p22). Also, the terms of Title IX make sports an equivalent to industry. No

Waterboarding and Torture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Waterboarding and Torture - Essay Example Torture refers to an act in which there is the infliction of suffering and severe pain, which may be mental or physical. The main objective of inflicting this pain encompasses obtaining information for a crime they may have committed. Numerous debates have arisen over whether waterboarding can be regarded as torture; in my opinion, waterboarding can be considered to be torture. Hostettler (2011) asserts that the use of this method to obtain information form suspects constitutes torture because it inflicts severe mental and physical suffering. Persons who undergo this form of torture have their minds and personality destabilized. Furthermore, their senses as well as mind undergo profound alteration, which results from the torture they experience. In addition, waterboarding violates the Geneva Convention, which states that war prisoners should always be treated humanely. Article 18 of the convention prohibits any form of coercion as well as mental and physical torture. Another reason why waterboarding constitutes torture is because the person under torture is in the custody of the one inflicting the pain. Thus, the victim of the torture cannot be able to rescue himself from the situation since the interrogators con trol him

Analyzing Group Process and Skill Selection Research Paper

Analyzing Group Process and Skill Selection - Research Paper Example The group has two Professors who act intermittently as group facilitators and group therapists. The group is sitting in chairs in a small circle in a relatively large and empty room. The circle immediately sets the group up to manage issues around closeness and distance. The circle formed allows the members to make (or not make) eye contact. Additionally, who is to say that people are comfortable sitting at such close proximity to each other In a physical structure where members might feel they can't manage the intensity of the group experience physically, i.e. physically move away from the group, the members are left to find other ways to regulate their experience. Let us look at how the members of this group manage being in a group and what the group is most interested in. The group's primary focus is personal survival and the self-regulation of emotions. The group initially focuses on films which tell stories of survival. However, as time passes, it becomes clear that the group members are talking about their own survival, their own struggles in life, and whether 'breaking down' will leave them weak and overwhelmed. The group sets the pitch early on by discussing very emotional challenges in their life through the objective vehicle of 'favorite film'. This sets the pitch and the group is involved early on in a struggle of regulation. How much emotion How much is too much Professor Rullo's role is to encourage and facilitate emotion and self-disclosure. Meanwhile, Professor Smith's role is to sum up emotional experiences for the group and to contain the boundary for the emotional expressions for the group. The group finds itself moving between the people who are comfortable with emotions (Renee and Amy) and the people who are less comfortable (Roosevelt and Maria.) These two sub-groups within the group are partly generated by the Professors taking opposite positions which leaves the group in the position of taking 'sides'. This tension is difficult for them to experience and there is an obvious tension after Amy cried about her 9-11 experience and Professor Smith interrupts her story and reminds her of Maria's struggle to open up earlier, and how Professor Rullo told Maria, "That's enough". Amy hears Professor Smith say, "that's enough" and she bolts her emotion down. There is some silence in the group and Roosevelt expresses this discomfort and uncertainty by gesturing a thumb to leave the room; he does this approximately three times. At this point, the group is at a crossroads: to disclose or to be objective, to survive or breakdown. The next significant moment for the group is when Natasha B. responds to Renee's concerns about being, "Scared to open that box." Natasha B. sobs about how tough life is for her and for others in the group and she demonstrates the level of cohesion in the group. Immediately following her sobs, we see two things happen almost simultaneously. Firstly, Taryn smiles, presumably with discomfort. She has done this before when someone else was in distress. Immediately after Taryn's smile, Professor Smith captures the emotion in the room and begins to sum it up again, talking of "The struggle, the accomplishments." Later on in the session we see this theme of emotional self-regulation once more. In this vignette, we see Professor Rullo redirect the group. Camille says, "I don't want to have an emotional breakdown." Professor